This page presents Microbiology as the science that studies microorganisms—bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microscopic life forms—and their interactions with living hosts, with direct relevance to apitherapy. Understanding microbial structure, metabolism, communication, biofilm formation, and host–microbe interactions is essential for explaining how bee-derived substances and integrative therapies influence microbial balance, infection control, immune responses, and microbiota resilience. Microbiology thus provides the scientific foundation for the rational and responsible use of apitherapy in prevention, support, and therapeutic strategies.